<?php

/*
 * RCMCardDAV - CardDAV plugin for Roundcube webmail
 *
 * Copyright (C) 2011-2022 Benjamin Schieder <rcmcarddav@wegwerf.anderdonau.de>,
 *                         Michael Stilkerich <ms@mike2k.de>
 *
 * This file is part of RCMCardDAV.
 *
 * RCMCardDAV is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
 * the Free Software Foundation, either version 2 of the License, or
 * (at your option) any later version.
 *
 * RCMCardDAV is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
 * GNU General Public License for more details.
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 * along with RCMCardDAV. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 */

declare(strict_types=1);

namespace MStilkerich\RCMCardDAV\Db;

use Exception;
use PDOStatement;
use rcube_db;
use Psr\Log\LoggerInterface;

/**
 * Access module for the roundcube database.
 *
 * The purpose of this class is to decouple all access to the roundcube database from the rest of the plugin. The main
 * purpose of this is to set a ground for testing, where the actual access to the database (this class) could be
 * replaced by mocks. The methods of this class should be able to satisfy all query needs of the plugin without the need
 * to have SQL queries directly inside the plugin, as these would be difficult to parse in a test mock.
 *
 * @psalm-import-type DbConditions from AbstractDatabase
 * @psalm-import-type DbGetOptions from AbstractDatabase
 * @psalm-import-type DbGetResult from AbstractDatabase
 */
class Database extends AbstractDatabase
{
    /** @var string[] DBTABLES_WITHOUT_ID List of table names that have no single ID column. */
    private const DBTABLES_WITHOUT_ID = ['group_user'];

    /** @var LoggerInterface $logger */
    private $logger;

    /** @var rcube_db $dbHandle The roundcube database handle */
    private $dbHandle;

    /** @var bool $inTransaction Indicates whether we are currently inside a transaction */
    private $inTransaction = false;

    /**
     * Initializes a Database instance.
     *
     * @param rcube_db $dbh The roundcube database handle
     */
    public function __construct(LoggerInterface $logger, rcube_db $dbh)
    {
        $this->logger   = $logger;
        $this->dbHandle = $dbh;

        if ($dbh->db_provider == "sqlite") {
            $dbh->query("PRAGMA foreign_keys = ON");
            // don't care if this fails
        }
    }

    public function startTransaction(bool $readonly = true): void
    {
        $dbh = $this->dbHandle;
        $logger = $this->logger;

        if ($this->inTransaction) {
            throw new Exception("Cannot start nested transaction");
        } else {
            // SQLite3 always has Serializable isolation of transactions, and does not support
            // the SET TRANSACTION command.
            $level = $readonly ? 'REPEATABLE READ' : 'SERIALIZABLE';
            $mode  = $readonly ? "READ ONLY" : "READ WRITE";
            $afterStartQuery = null;

            switch ($dbh->db_provider) {
                case "mysql":
                    $ret = $dbh->query("SET TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL $level, $mode");
                    break;
                case "sqlite":
                    $ret = true;
                    break;
                case "postgres":
                    $ret = $dbh->query("SET SESSION CHARACTERISTICS AS TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL $level, $mode");
                    // reset to default transaction settings after starting the transaction for future transactions
                    $afterStartQuery =
                        "SET SESSION CHARACTERISTICS AS TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL REPEATABLE READ, READ WRITE";
                    break;
                default:
                    $logger->critical("Unsupported database backend: " . $dbh->db_provider);
                    return;
            }

            if ($ret !== false) {
                $ret = $dbh->startTransaction();
            }

            if ($ret !== false && isset($afterStartQuery)) {
                $ret = $dbh->query($afterStartQuery);
            }

            if ($ret === false) {
                $logger->error(__METHOD__ . " ERROR: " . $dbh->is_error());
                throw new DatabaseException($dbh->is_error());
            }

            $this->inTransaction = true;
        }
    }

    public function endTransaction(): void
    {
        $dbh = $this->dbHandle;
        $logger = $this->logger;

        if ($this->inTransaction) {
            $this->inTransaction = false;

            if ($dbh->endTransaction() === false) {
                $logger->error("Database::endTransaction ERROR: " . $dbh->is_error());
                throw new DatabaseException($dbh->is_error());
            }
        } else {
            throw new Exception("Attempt to commit a transaction while not within a transaction");
        }
    }

    public function rollbackTransaction(): void
    {
        $dbh = $this->dbHandle;
        $logger = $this->logger;

        if ($this->inTransaction) {
            $this->inTransaction = false;
            if ($dbh->rollbackTransaction() === false) {
                $logger->error("Database::rollbackTransaction ERROR: " . $dbh->is_error());
                throw new DatabaseException($dbh->is_error());
            }
        } else {
            // not throwing an exception here facilitates usage of the interface at caller side. The caller
            // can issue rollback without having to keep track whether an error occurred before/after a
            // transaction was started/ended.
            $logger->notice("Ignored request to rollback a transaction while not within a transaction");
        }
    }

    /**
     * {@inheritDoc}
     *
     * If this function encounters an error, it will abort execution of the migrations. The database will be
     * in a potentially broken state, causing further errors when the plugin is executed. Unfortunately, I do not see a
     * better way to handle errors. Throwing an exception would result in Roundcube not being usable at all for the user
     * in case of errors.
     */
    public function checkMigrations(string $dbPrefix, string $scriptDir): void
    {
        $dbh = $this->dbHandle;
        $logger = $this->logger;

        // We only support the non-commercial database types supported by roundcube, so quit with an error
        switch ($dbh->db_provider) {
            case "mysql":
            case "postgres":
                $db_backend = $dbh->db_provider;
                break;
            case "sqlite":
                $db_backend = "sqlite3";
                break;
            default:
                $logger->critical("Unsupported database backend: " . $dbh->db_provider);
                return;
        }

        // (1) Determine which migration scripts are available, in alphabetical ascending order
        $migrationsAvailable = [];
        foreach (scandir($scriptDir, SCANDIR_SORT_ASCENDING) as $migrationDir) {
            if (preg_match("/^\d{4}-/", $migrationDir)) {
                $migrationsAvailable[] = $migrationDir;
            }
        }

        // (2) Check if the carddav_migrations table is available. If not, no RCMCardDAV tables are present yet and
        // instead of performing migration we will initialize the RCMCardDAV with the current schema
        $migTableUnqualified = $this->stripDbQualifiers($dbh->table_name('carddav_migrations'));
        if (in_array($migTableUnqualified, $dbh->list_tables())) {
            // (2.a.2) Determine which migration scripts have already been executed.
            /** @var list<array{filename: string}> $migrations */
            $migrationsDone = $this->get([], ['filename'], 'migrations');
            $migrationsDone = array_column($migrationsDone, 'filename');

            // (2.a.3) Execute the migration scripts that have not been executed before
            foreach ($migrationsAvailable as $migration) {
                // skip migrations that have already been done
                if (in_array($migration, $migrationsDone)) {
                    continue;
                }

                $logger->notice("In migration: $migration");

                $phpMigrationScript = "$scriptDir/$migration/migrate.php";
                $sqlMigrationScript = "$scriptDir/$migration/$db_backend.sql";

                if (file_exists($phpMigrationScript)) {
                    $migrationClass = '\MStilkerich\RCMCardDAV\DBMigrations\Migration'
                        . substr($migration, 0, 4); // the 4-digit number

                    /**
                     * @psalm-suppress InvalidStringClass
                     * @var DBMigrationInterface $migrationObj
                     */
                    $migrationObj = new $migrationClass();
                    if ($migrationObj->migrate($dbh, $logger) === false) {
                        return; // error already logged
                    }
                } else {
                    if ($this->performSqlMigration($sqlMigrationScript, $dbPrefix) === false) {
                        return; // error already logged
                    }
                }

                $this->insert('migrations', ['filename'], [ [$migration] ]);
            }
        } else {
            // (2.b) Initial creation of RCMCardDAV tables
            $logger->notice("Performing initial creation of RCMCardDAV tables");

            $sqlMigrationScript = "$scriptDir/INIT-currentschema/$db_backend.sql";
            if ($this->performSqlMigration($sqlMigrationScript, $dbPrefix) === true) {
                $allMigRows = array_map(
                    function (string $mig): array {
                        return [$mig];
                    },
                    $migrationsAvailable
                );
                $this->insert('migrations', ['filename'], $allMigRows);
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * Executes an SQL migration script.
     *
     * @param string $migrationScript The path to the migration script.
     * @param string $dbPrefix The optional prefix to all database table names as configured in Roundcube.
     */
    private function performSqlMigration(string $migrationScript, string $dbPrefix): bool
    {
        $dbh = $this->dbHandle;
        $logger = $this->logger;

        if (file_exists($migrationScript) !== true || ($queries_raw = file_get_contents($migrationScript)) === false) {
            $logger->error("Failed to read migration script: $migrationScript - aborting");
            return false;
        }

        // strip comments (note: . does not match newline without the s modifier)
        $queries_raw = preg_replace('/-- .*/m', '', $queries_raw);

        // Postgres only: strip any qualifying name part of a [database].[schema].prefix
        // We cannot use the qualified name in CREATE INDEX
        $dbPrefixWithoutSchema = $this->stripDbQualifiers($dbPrefix);

        $queryCount = preg_match_all('/.+?;/s', $queries_raw, $queries);
        $logger->info("Found $queryCount queries in $migrationScript");
        if ($queryCount > 0) {
            foreach ($queries[0] as $query) {
                if ($dbh->db_provider === "postgres") {
                    // First replace name of index without the qualifying name part for postgres
                    $query = str_replace("CREATE INDEX TABLE_PREFIX", "CREATE INDEX $dbPrefixWithoutSchema", $query);
                }

                $query = str_replace("TABLE_PREFIX", $dbPrefix, $query);
                $dbh->query($query);

                if ($dbh->is_error()) {
                    $logger->error("Migration query ($query) failed: " . $dbh->is_error());
                    return false;
                }
            }
        }

        return true;
    }

    public function insert(string $table, array $cols, array $rows): string
    {
        $dbh = $this->dbHandle;
        $logger = $this->logger;

        // check parameters
        $numCols = count($cols);
        if (empty($rows)) {
            throw new Exception("Database::insert on $table called without rows to insert");
        }
        foreach ($rows as $row) {
            if (count($row) != $numCols) {
                throw new Exception("Database::insert on $table: row given that does not match $numCols columns");
            }
        }

        // build / execute query
        $sqlRowPlaceholders = '(?' . str_repeat(',?', $numCols - 1) . ')';
        $quotedCols = array_map(
            function (string $s) use ($dbh): string {
                return $dbh->quote_identifier($s);
            },
            $cols
        );

        $sql = 'INSERT INTO ' . $dbh->table_name("carddav_$table") .
            '(' . implode(",", $quotedCols)  . ') ' .
            'VALUES ' .
            implode(', ', array_fill(0, count($rows), $sqlRowPlaceholders));

        $ret = $dbh->query($sql, call_user_func_array('array_merge', $rows));

        // return ID of last inserted row
        if ($ret === false || in_array($table, self::DBTABLES_WITHOUT_ID)) {
            $dbid = "";
        } else {
            /** @var string|false $dbid */
            $dbid = $dbh->insert_id("carddav_$table");
        }
        $logger->debug("INSERT $table ($sql) -> $dbid");

        if ($ret === false || $dbid === false) {
            $logger->error("Database::insert ($sql) ERROR: " . $dbh->is_error());
            throw new DatabaseException($dbh->is_error());
        }

        return $dbid;
    }

    public function update(
        $conditions,
        array $cols,
        array $vals,
        string $table = 'contacts'
    ): int {
        $dbh = $this->dbHandle;
        $logger = $this->logger;

        $quotedCols = array_map(
            function (string $s) use ($dbh): string {
                return $dbh->quote_identifier($s);
            },
            $cols
        );
        $sql = 'UPDATE ' . $dbh->table_name("carddav_$table") . ' SET ' . implode("=?,", $quotedCols) . '=? ';

        // WHERE clause
        $sql .= $this->getConditionsQuery($conditions);

        $logger->debug("UPDATE $table ($sql)");
        $sql_result = $dbh->query($sql, $vals);

        if ($dbh->is_error()) {
            $logger->error("Database::update ($sql) ERROR: " . $dbh->is_error());
            throw new DatabaseException($dbh->is_error());
        }

        return $dbh->affected_rows($sql_result);
    }

    public function get($conditions, array $cols = [], string $table = 'contacts', array $options = []): array
    {
        $sql_result = $this->internalGet($conditions, $cols, $table, $options);

        $ret = [];
        while ($row = $this->retrieveRow($sql_result)) {
            $ret[] = $row;
        }
        return $ret;
    }

    public function lookup($conditions, array $cols = [], string $table = 'contacts'): array
    {
        $sql_result = $this->internalGet($conditions, $cols, $table);

        $ret = $this->retrieveRow($sql_result);
        if ($ret === null) {
            throw new Exception("Single-row query ({$sql_result->queryString}) without result/with error");
        }

        if ($this->retrieveRow($sql_result) !== null) {
            throw new Exception("Single-row query ({$sql_result->queryString}) with multiple results");
        }

        return $ret;
    }

    /**
     * Transforms a row returned by rcube_db::fetch_assoc() to have ?string values only.
     * @return ?DbGetResult
     */
    private function retrieveRow(PDOStatement $sql_result): ?array
    {
        $dbh = $this->dbHandle;

        /** @var false|array<string,?scalar> $ret */
        $ret = $dbh->fetch_assoc($sql_result);
        if ($ret === false) {
            return null;
        }

        $row = [];
        foreach ($ret as $k => $v) {
            $row[$k] = isset($v) ? (string) $v : null;
        }

        return $row;
    }

    /**
     * Like {@see get()}, but returns the unfetched PDOStatement result.
     *
     * @param DbConditions $conditions
     * @param list<string> $cols
     * @param DbGetOptions $options
     */
    private function internalGet(
        $conditions,
        array $cols = [],
        string $table = 'contacts',
        array $options = []
    ): PDOStatement {
        $dbh = $this->dbHandle;
        $logger = $this->logger;

        if (empty($cols)) {
            $cols = ['*'];
        }

        $sql = "SELECT ";
        if ($options['count'] ?? false) {
            $quotedCols = array_map(
                function (string $col) use ($dbh): string {
                    // quoting needed for "*" in the as statement
                    return "COUNT(" . $this->quoteDbColumn($col) . ") as " . $dbh->quote_identifier($col);
                },
                $cols
            );
            $sql .= implode(", ", $quotedCols);
        } else {
            $quotedCols = array_map(
                function (string $s): string {
                    return $this->quoteDbColumn($s);
                },
                $cols
            );
            $sql .= implode(", ", $quotedCols);
        }
        $sql .= " FROM " . $dbh->table_name("carddav_$table");

        // WHERE clause
        $sql .= $this->getConditionsQuery($conditions);

        // ORDER BY clause
        if (isset($options['order'])) {
            $orderClauses = [];

            foreach ($options['order'] as $col) {
                $order = 'ASC';
                if ($col[0] === "!") {
                    $col = substr($col, 1);
                    $order = 'DESC';
                }

                $quotedOrderCol = "UPPER(" . $dbh->quote_identifier($col) . ")";
                $orderClauses[] = "$quotedOrderCol $order";
            }

            if (!empty($orderClauses)) {
                $sql .= ' ORDER BY ' . implode(", ", $orderClauses);
            }
        }

        $logger->debug("internalGet query: $sql");
        if (isset($options['limit'])) {
            [ $offset, $limit ] = $options['limit'];
            if ($offset >= 0 && $limit > 0) {
                $sql_result = $dbh->limitquery($sql, $offset, $limit);
            } else {
                $msg = "The limit option needs an array parameter of two unsigned integers [offset,limit]; got: ";
                $msg .= print_r($options['limit'], true);
                throw new Exception($msg);
            }
        } else {
            $sql_result = $dbh->query($sql);
        }

        if ($sql_result === false || $dbh->is_error()) {
            $logger->error("Database::get ($sql) ERROR: " . $dbh->is_error());
            throw new DatabaseException($dbh->is_error());
        }

        return $sql_result;
    }

    /**
     * Quotes a database column identifier, except for the special string *.
     */
    private function quoteDbColumn(string $col): string
    {
        if ($col != '*') {
            $dbh = $this->dbHandle;
            $col = $dbh->quote_identifier($col);
        }

        return $col;
    }

    public function delete($conditions, string $table = 'contacts'): int
    {
        $dbh = $this->dbHandle;
        $logger = $this->logger;

        $sql = "DELETE FROM " . $dbh->table_name("carddav_$table");

        // WHERE clause
        $sql .= $this->getConditionsQuery($conditions);

        $logger->debug("Database::delete $sql");

        $sql_result = $dbh->query($sql);

        if ($dbh->is_error()) {
            $logger->error("Database::delete ($sql) ERROR: " . $dbh->is_error());
            throw new DatabaseException($dbh->is_error());
        }

        return $dbh->affected_rows($sql_result);
    }

    /**
     * Creates a condition query on a database column to be used in an SQL WHERE clause.
     *
     * @see DbOrCondition For a description on the format of field/value specifiers.
     */
    private function getConditionQuery(DbOrCondition $orCond): string
    {
        $dbh = $this->dbHandle;
        $invertCondition = false;
        $ilike = false;

        $field = $orCond->fieldSpec;
        $value = $orCond->valueSpec;

        if ($field[0] === "!") {
            $field = substr($field, 1);
            $invertCondition = true;
        }
        if ($field[0] === "%") {
            $field = substr($field, 1);
            $ilike = true;
        }

        $sql = $dbh->quote_identifier($field);
        if (!isset($value)) {
            $sql .= $invertCondition ? ' IS NOT NULL' : ' IS NULL';
        } elseif (is_array($value)) {
            if (count($value) > 0) {
                if ($ilike) {
                    throw new Exception("getConditionQuery $field - ILIKE match only supported for single pattern");
                }
                $quoted_values = array_map(
                    function (string $s) use ($dbh): string {
                        return $dbh->quote($s);
                    },
                    $value
                );
                $sql .= $invertCondition ? " NOT IN" : " IN";
                $sql .= " (" . implode(",", $quoted_values) . ")";
            } else {
                throw new Exception("getConditionQuery $field - empty values array provided");
            }
        } else {
            if ($ilike) {
                if ($dbh->db_provider === "mysql") {
                    $sql .= " COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci ";
                }
                $ilikecmd = ($dbh->db_provider === "postgres") ? "ILIKE" : "LIKE";
                $sql .= $invertCondition ? " NOT $ilikecmd " : " $ilikecmd ";
            } else {
                $sql .= $invertCondition ? " <> " : " = ";
            }
            $sql .= $dbh->quote($value);
        }

        return $sql;
    }

    /**
     * Produces the WHERE clause from a $conditions parameter.
     *
     * Normalized, the given $conditions parameter is a list of AND-conditions, i.e. a row must match all the
     * AND-conditions to be included in the result. Each AND-condition can be either a single condition, or a list of
     * OR-conditions, i.e. at least one of the OR-conditions must match for the AND-condition be considered a match.
     * Each individual OR-condition is a two-element array of a field specifier and a value specifier. See
     * getConditionQuery() for details on the interpretation of the field and value specifiers.
     *
     * If conditions is an empty array, no filtering is performed.
     *
     * @param DbConditions $conditions
     * @return string The WHERE clause, an empty string if no conditions were given.
     *
     * @see AbstractDatabase::normalizeConditions() for a description of $conditions
     */
    private function getConditionsQuery($conditions): string
    {
        $conditions = $this->normalizeConditions($conditions);

        $andCondSql = [];
        foreach ($conditions as $andCond) {
            $orCondSql = [];
            foreach ($andCond->orConditions as $orCond) {
                $orCondSql[] = $this->getConditionQuery($orCond);
            }

            $andCondSql[] = '(' . implode(') OR (', $orCondSql) . ')';
        }

        if (empty($andCondSql)) {
            $sql = "";
        } else {
            $sql = " WHERE (" . implode(') AND (', $andCondSql) . ')';
        }

        return $sql;
    }

    /**
     * From a DB prefix that might include qualifiers (e.g. database.schema.prefix), strip the qualifying parts and
     * only leave the prefix string part.
     *
     * @param string $dbPrefix The prefix string
     * @return string The non-qualifying part of the prefix string
     */
    private function stripDbQualifiers(string $dbPrefix): string
    {
        $lastDotPos = strrpos($dbPrefix, '.');
        if ($lastDotPos !== false) {
            $dbPrefix = substr($dbPrefix, $lastDotPos + 1);
        }

        return $dbPrefix;
    }
}

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